Manic symptoms can occur in association with known organic disorders, but in such cases should be diagnosed as a mood disorder due to a… » »   

One essential criterion for a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder is a past or present history of a manic episode. Manic episodes are characterized… » »   

Women who wish to have a baby should have at least 2 yr of maintenance therapy with no episodes before a lithium holiday is… » »   

Acute management:

Classic euphoric mania often presents as a social emergency and is preferably managed on an inpatient basis. Lithium works best in uncomplicated… » »   

Prevention of rapid cycling:

Antidepressants may induce rapid cycling in some patients (eg, patients with bipolar II disorder and a cyclothymic temperament), even when… » »   

Symptoms of the depressive phase are similar to those of unipolar depression (see above), except that psychomotor retardation, hypersomnia, and, in extreme cases, stupor… » »   

Major Depressive, Manic, Mixed, and Hypomanic Episodes in Bipolar I Disorder must be distinguished from episodes of a Mood Disorder Due to a General… » »   

Thorough evaluation of many persons with depression reveals bipolar traits, and as many as one in five patients with a depressive disorder also develops… » »   

There are no reports of differential incidence of Bipolar I Disorder based on race or ethnicity. There is some evidence that clinicians may have… » »   

The lifetime prevalence of Bipolar I Disorder in community samples has varied from 0.4% to 1.6%.

Course

Average age at… » »